Cosmetic
Introduction
All Person have been concerned about their appearance from the beginning of recorded history. It might sound surprising, but cosmetic surgery has been around for centuries. The tools and methods may differ, but physicians have always searched for ways to make changes to the body of individuals who want a different look. Most of the procedures we see today have been in existence for many years. Their purpose is the same as it used to be, what has changed throughout the years are the tools and the methods used. For example, tattoos and piercings have been popular for centuries; injections and stitching were used to give the body a beautiful and smoother look, and were the beginning of cosmetic surgery. On the other hand, non-invasive surgery came into existence as a medical treatment which made it unnecessary to cut open the body during surgery, for example, non-invasive back surgery is a surgical procedure recommended for patients who suffer chronic neck or back pain. A degenerated painful disc is replaced with a new artificial one. The aim of this procedure is for the patient to regain a normal lifestyle. In Artificial Disc Replacement (ADR), no bones are cut.
Types of Cosmetic Surgery
Cosmetic surgery and plastic surgery, are different, however, they are closely related. They both deal with improving a patient’s appearance but their underlying principles are different. Cosmetic surgery is focused solely on enhancing a person’s physical appearance. This can be performed on all areas of the body including the neck and head. Within the scope of cosmetic surgery are body contouring: liposuction, tummy tuck; facial rejuvenation: brow, neck, eyelids, and facelifts; breast enhancement: lifting, reduction; facial contouring: cheek, or chin enhancement, rhinoplasty; skin rejuvenation: Botox, filler treatments, and laser resurfacing. Plastic surgery deals with repairing birth defects, reconstruction of normal functions and appearance. Some of these defects are caused by disease, trauma, burns, and birth abnormalities. Basically, the aim of plastic surgery is to correct dysfunctional areas of the human body; therefore, it is reconstructive. Plastic surgeons can perform cosmetic surgery, but they tend to specialize in reconstructive plastic surgery. In 1999, the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons adopted the name American Society of Plastic Surgeons to emphasize the fact that plastic and reconstructive surgery is the same. Some examples of the procedures these surgeons perform are: hand surgery, burn repair surgery, breast reconstruction, lower limb reconstruction, breast reconstruction, congenital defect repair: limb defect repair and cleft palate.
Risk Factors
Risk factors include:
- The most common risk factors for cosmetic surgery are particularly important that adolescents considering cosmetic surgery talk extensively with a range of health professionals before deciding whether or not to undergo the surgery. They should also obtain written information about the cosmetic surgery procedure they are considering. Many health professionals have raised concerns about the appropriateness of performing body-changing surgery such as breast augmentation and lipoplasty on young bodies which are not yet fully developed. For example, it is not uncommon for a young woman’s breasts to continue developing until her early twenties.
- Cosmetic surgeries performed on adolescents also raise concern because adolescents are not old enough to legally give informed consent and may not have developed cognitive functions that make them capable of giving informed consent (people are more prone to taking risks until about 25 years of age, at which time their brain fully develops mechanisms that impair risk taking).
- While adolescent bodies are rarely fully developed, adolescent minds have typically already developed strong ideas about body image which are influenced by parents, peers and the media. Research shows that seeing images of very thin women in the media encourages teenage women to want to be thin. It also increases the likelihood they will have positive views of breast augmentation (implants) and liposuction. Thus it appears that teenagers’ body image is shaped more by popular culture images of ideal bodies, which are often unnatural, unhealthy and unrealistic, than by concerns about health in the immediate or long term.
- Teenagers may also undergo surgery to please someone else (e.g. a boyfriend or parents) or with unrealistic expectations about how the surgery will change their image and self-perception. It is therefore especially important for adolescents to be clear about why they want plastic surgery and what to expect from having the surgery.
- When considering cosmetic surgery, adolescents should also bear in mind that teenagers’ body image becomes more positive as they age and mature, regardless of whether they have cosmetic surgery or not. Adolescents as a group tend to be dissatisfied with their bodies, and teens who undergo cosmetic surgery are even more likely to be dissatisfied with their appearance. This is not because teenagers who undergo surgery are physically different to teenagers who do not. On the contrary, teenagers who undergo cosmetic surgery have different perceptions regarding what constitutes an ideal body, and on average they prefer larger breasts and thinner bodies. These body image issues are in part resolved by teenager age, regardless of whether the teens do or do not undergo cosmetic surgery.
Procedure
Procedure include:
- Reconstructive – Reconstructive procedures aim to correct defects on the face or body, including birth defects like cleft palate and ear deformities, injuries that cause disfiguration such as from a dog bite, acid attack or burns, or to reconstruct body tissue that is destroyed in an accident or removed because of some disease like breast cancer.
- Cosmetic – Cosmetic or aesthetic procedures are used to alter one’s bodily appearance, making changes to any body part that the patient is unhappy with. Unlike reconstructive procedures, cosmetic surgery is usually not used to repair damaged tissue but is instead used to create a look that is more appealing. Typically, cosmetic procedures include augmentation mammoplasty or reduction mammoplasty (breast enlargement or reduction), rhinoplasty (reshaping the nose) and liposuction, which is an increasingly popular method of fat removal from certain parts of the body. Some cosmetic procedures don’t even involve conventional invasive methods of surgery but simply employ lasers, such as in hair removal or dermabrasion. In most parts of the world cosmetic surgery procedures are not covered under health insurance plans unless the procedure is deemed medically necessary.
- Plastic surgery- It requires some amount of special preparation in addition to the routine prerequisites before any surgery. Nevertheless, here are some things that you should keep in mind and do in order to prepare for your procedure: During your pre-operative visit make it a point to ask your surgeon any questions you want answered and make sure that all your doubts are resolved. It is absolutely vital that you heed all advice from your health care provider with regard to medication. Certain medications like aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can significantly increase the risk of bleeding during surgery and must be avoided for at least two weeks before and after the procedure. There are certain routine tests that you will be asked to undergo, which is a standard procedure before almost any surgery. These include tests like a blood count test to ensure you are healthy enough to endure surgery. Because of the adverse effects of smoking on circulation, smoking can impede healing. For this reason, it is important that you quit smoking at least a month prior to surgery. It is also important that at this time you make arrangements for yourself during the postoperative period such as arranging for someone to clean your house and pick you up after the procedure. Stock up on health foods and definitely on some healthy comfort foods like yogurt, pudding, gelatin and other bland foods. Make sure that all medications and other objects that you require are placed in specific areas where they are easily reachable and not hard to find.
Range of Treatment Cost
| Procedure | Duration In Hospital | Min Cost ₹(INR) | Max Cost ₹(INR) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brow / Blepheroplasty | 2 | 202365 | 400000 |
| Facelift | 2 | 239840 | 539840 |
| Breast Lift with Augmentation | 1 | 314790 | 614790 |
| Breast Reduction | 1 | 314790 | 614790 |
| Tummy Tuck | 1 | 359760 | 559760 |
| Hymenoplasty | 1 | 71202 | 101202 |
| Vaginoplasty | 1 | 93687 | 103687 |
| Labioplasty | 1 | 116172 | 156172 |
| Calf Augmentation | 1 | 232345 | 432345 |
| Arm Lift | 1 | 187375 | 387375 |
| Male Breast Reduction in India | 1 | 127415 | 167415 |
| Hair Transplantation Surgery | Depends upon the treatment | INR 60 per follicle | INR 80 per follicle |
| Ear Reshaping/ Otoplsty | 1 | 119920 | 189920 |
| Cheek Augmentation Surgery | 1 | 176132 | 276132 |
| Chin Implant surgery | 1 | 127415 | 327415 |
| Vaser Lipo - Major | 1 | 203189 | 403189 |
| Vaser Lipo - Medium | 1 | 178381 | 378381 |
| Vaser Lipo - Minor | 1 | 136034 | 436034 |
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